(1) Absolute rolling reduction. When the roll diameter and the friction coefficient are the same, with the increase of the absolute rolling reduction, the contact area between the rolled piece and the mill roll increases, and the rolling pressure increases. At the same time, the contact arc length increases, the influence of external friction increases, the average unit pressure increases, and the rolling pressure also increases.

(2) Mill roll diameter. When other conditions are fixed, as the diameter of the mill roll increases, the contact area increases, and the contact arc length increases, and the influence of external friction is intensified. Thus, the rolling pressure is increased.

(3) Rolling piece width. As the width of the rolled product increases, the contact area increases and the rolling pressure increases.

(4) The thickness of rolled piece. As the thickness of the rolled piece increases, the rolling pressure decreases; conversely, the thinner the rolled piece, the greater the rolling pressure.

(5) Rolling temperature. As the rolling temperature increases, the deformation resistance decreases, the average unit pressure decreases, and the rolling pressure decreases.

(6) Coefficient of friction. As the friction coefficient increases, the influence of external friction increases, the average unit pressure increases, and the rolling pressure increases.

(7) The chemical composition of the rolled product. Under the same conditions, the chemical composition of the rolled piece is different, the internal structure and properties of the metal are different, and the rolling pressure is also different.

(8) Rolling speed. As the rolling speed increases during hot rolling, the deformation resistance increases. During cold rolling, the deformation resistance decreases as the deformation speed increases and the temperature of the rolling piece increases.